Crash test
A crash test is a form of disruptive testing usually performed in order to ensure safe design standards in crashworthiness and crash compatibility for various modes of transportation or related systems and components.
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- Frontal-impact tests: which is what most people originally think of when asked about a crash test. Vehicles usually influence a solid concrete wall at a specified speed, but these can also be vehicle impacting vehicle tests. SUVs have been singled out in these tests for a while, due to the high ride-height that they often have.
- Moderate Overlap tests: in which only part of the front of the car impacts with a barrier (vehicle). These are significant, as influence compels (approximately) remain the same as with a frontal influence test, but a smaller fraction of the car is required to absorb all of the force. These tests are often realized by cars turning into oncoming traffic. This type of testing is done by the U.S.A. Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS), EuroNCAP, Australasian Fresh Car Assessment Program (ANCAP) and ASEAN NCAP.
- Puny Overlap tests: this is where only a petite portion of the car’s structure strikes an object such as a pole or a tree, or if a car were to clip another car. This is the most requiring test because it explosions the most force onto the structure of the car at any given speed. These are usually conducted at 15-20% of the front vehicle structure.
- Side-impact tests: these forms of accidents have a very significant likelihood of fatality, as cars do not have a significant crumple zone to absorb the influence compels before an occupant is injured.
- Roll-over tests: which tests a car’s capability (specifically the piles holding the roof) to support itself in a dynamic influence. More recently, dynamic rollover tests have been proposed in lieu of static crush testing (movie). [1]
- Roadside hardware crash tests: are used to ensure crash barriers and crash cushions will protect vehicle occupants from roadside hazards, and also to ensure that guard rails, sign posts, light poles and similar appurtenances do not pose an undue hazard to vehicle occupants.
- Old versus fresh: Often an old and big car against a puny and fresh car, [Two][Trio] or two different generations of the same car model. These tests are performed to display the advancements in crashworthiness. [citation needed]
- Computer model: Because of the cost of full-scale crash tests, engineers often run many simulated crash tests using computer models to refine their vehicle or barrier designs before conducting live tests.
- Sled testing: A cost-effective way of testing components such as airbags and seat belts is conducting sled crash testing. The two most common types of sled systems are reverse-firing sleds which are fired from a standstill, and decelerating sleds which are accelerated from a beginning point and stopped in the crash area with a hydraulic ram.
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Frontal moderate overlap crash test of a two thousand three Lincoln Navigator.